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技術文章
發酵罐概述Overview Of Fermentation Tank
常見的發酵罐分為固體發酵罐和液體發酵罐。發酵罐根據容積和用途不同，分為種子罐（菌種發酵罐）和發酵罐。發酵罐根據需氧類型的不同又分為通風式發酵罐和厭氧發酵罐。發酵罐、種子罐，有碳鋼制、不銹鋼、高鎳基合金等，主要用于生化發酵生產。如生產味精、檸檬酸、酶制劑、溶劑、制藥、食品等行業。
Common fermentation tanks are divided into solid fermentation tank and liquid fermentation tank. Fermentation tank is divided into seed tank (strain fermentation tank) and fermentation tank according to different volume and purpose. According to different aerobic types, fermentation tanks are divided into ventilated fermentation tanks and anaerobic fermentation tanks. Fermentation tank and seed tank, made of carbon steel, stainless steel and high nickel base alloy, are mainly used for biochemical fermentation production. Such as monosodium glutamate, citric acid, enzyme preparation, solvent, pharmaceutical, food and other industries.
一、發酵罐的基本條件Basic Conditions Of Fermentation Tank
機械攪拌發酵罐是發酵工廠常用類型之一。它是利用機械攪拌器的作用，使空氣和醪液充分混合，促使氧在醪液中溶解，以保證供給微生物生長繁殖、發酵所需要的氧氣。使用發酵罐的基本要求：
Mechanical stirring fermentor is one of the commonly used types in fermentation plants. It uses the function of mechanical stirrer to fully mix air and mash, and promote the dissolution of oxygen in mash, so as to ensure the supply of oxygen required for microbial growth, reproduction and fermentation. Basic requirements for using fermentor:
1、發酵罐應具有適宜的徑高比。發酵罐的高度與直徑之比一般為1.7~4倍左右，罐身越長，氧的利用率較高。
2、發酵罐能承受一定壓力。由于發酵罐在消毒及正常工作時，罐內有一定的壓力（氣壓與液壓）和溫度，因此罐體各部件要有一定的強度，能承受一定的壓力。
3、發酵罐的攪拌通風裝置使氣液充分混合，保證發酵液必須的溶解氧。
4、發酵罐應具有足夠的冷卻面積。微生物生長代謝過程放出大量的熱量，為了控制發酵過程不同階段所需的溫度，應裝有足夠的冷卻面積。
5、發酵罐內應盡量減少死角，避免藏垢積污，滅菌能力強，避免染菌。
6、攪拌器的軸封應嚴密，盡量減少泄漏。
(1) The fermentation tank shall have appropriate diameter height ratio. The ratio of height to diameter of fermentation tank is generally about 1.7 ~ 4 times. The longer the tank body, the higher the utilization rate of oxygen.
(2) The fermentation tank can withstand certain pressure. Since there is a certain pressure (air pressure and hydraulic pressure) and temperature in the fermentation tank during disinfection and normal operation, all parts of the tank must have a certain strength and can withstand a certain pressure.
(3) The stirring and ventilation device of the fermentation tank can fully mix the gas and liquid to ensure the dissolved oxygen of the fermentation broth.
(4) The fermentation tank shall have sufficient cooling area. Microbial growth and metabolism process releases a lot of heat. In order to control the temperature required in different stages of fermentation process, sufficient cooling area should be installed.
(5) The dead corner shall be minimized in the fermentation tank to avoid dirt accumulation. The sterilization can be complete and bacteria contamination can be avoided.
(6) The shaft seal of the mixer shall be tight to minimize leakage.
二、發酵罐罐體尺寸比例Size Proportion Of Fermentation Tank
罐體各部分的尺寸有一定的比例，罐的高度與直徑之比一般為1.7~4倍左右。
發酵罐通常裝有兩組攪拌器，兩組攪拌器的間距S約為攪拌器直徑的三倍。
對于大型發酵罐以及液體深度HL較高的，可安裝三組或三組以上的攪拌器。
最下面一組攪拌器通常與風管出口較接近為好，與罐底的距離C一般等于攪拌器直徑Di，但也不宜小于0.8Di，否則會影響液體的循環。
The size of each part of the tank body has a certain proportion, and the ratio of tank height to diameter is generally about 1.7 ~ 4 times.
The fermentation tank is usually equipped with two groups of agitators, and the spacing S between the two groups of agitators is about three times the diameter of the agitator.
For large fermentation tanks and those with high liquid depth HL, three or more groups of agitators can be installed.
The bottom group of agitators is usually close to the outlet of the air duct. The distance C from the tank bottom is generally equal to the agitator diameter Di, but it should not be less than 0.8di, otherwise the liquid circulation will be affected.
三、發酵罐的結構Structure Of Fermentation Tank
好氣性機械攪拌發酵罐是密封式受壓設備，主要部件包括罐身、攪拌器、軸封、打泡器、聯軸器、中間軸承、空氣吹泡管（或空氣噴射器）、擋板、冷卻裝置、人孔以及管路等。
系統由發酵罐，空氣處理系統、蒸汽凈化系統、電器控制系統、恒溫系統及管路、閥門、輔助系統，傳感器與一次儀表系統，下位機控制系統（現場PLC控制系統，二次儀表），上位機系統以及臺架等組成。
Aerobic mechanical stirring fermentation tank is a sealed pressure equipment, and its main components include tank body, agitator, shaft seal, bubbler, coupling, intermediate bearing, air bubbling pipe (or air ejector), baffle, cooling device, manhole and pipeline.
The system is composed of fermentation tank, air treatment system, steam purification system, electrical control system, thermostatic system and pipeline, valve, auxiliary system, sensor and primary instrument system, lower computer control system (field PLC control system, secondary instrument), upper computer system and bench.
技術參數/Technical Parameter
| 公稱體積 Nominal Volume | 5~3000L |
| 裝液系數Liquid Loading Coefficient | 65-80%, Optimum 70% |
| 罐體配置 Can Body Configuration | 不銹鋼SUS316L/SUS304材質； Stainless steel SUS316L / SUS304 Material; Jacket temperature control and optimization of diversion design; Internal surface polishing, RA ≤ 0.6 μ m； External surface polishing or matte treatment (glass shot blasting); Long strip mirror with large viewing angle, complete interfaces of pH electrode, do electrode and temperature electrode; The tank cover is equipped with flame inoculation port and feeding standby interface, etc |
| 攪拌系統 Mixing System | 頂入式機械攪拌系統；無菌機封系統；直流攪拌電機（10L及以下）或交流電機； Jacking mechanical mixing system; Aseptic mechanical sealing system; DC mixing motor (10L and below) or AC motor; Standard configuration: 2-layer flat impeller and one-stage high-efficiency defoaming paddle; There are also inclined blades, curved blades, axial flow blades, etc; Adjustable speed, digital setting speed control |
| 結構方式 Structure Mode | 落地式框架結構，節省空間，萬向腳輪，操作方便 Floor type frame structure, space saving, universal casters, convenient operation |
| 通氣系統Ventilation System | 深層通氣，全不銹鋼管路； Deep ventilation, all stainless steel pipeline; Glass rotor flowmeter display, pressure display, manual valve adjustment flow; High efficiency sterilizing filter equipped with stainless steel housing, with a filtration accuracy of 0.01 μ m； External compressed air is required, equipped with high-quality water removal and pressure stabilizing devices, to continuously and stably supply gas; Optional mass flow controller for automatic control of air flow |
| 罐壓控制 Tank Pressure Control | 頂部排氣口配置指針式壓力表顯示罐壓，不銹鋼閥門手動調節； The top exhaust port is equipped with a pointer pressure gauge to display the tank pressure, and the stainless steel valve is manually adjusted; It can be equipped with inlet pressure transmitter and automatic regulating valve to realize automatic control of tank pressure |
| 溫度控制/Temperature Control | 在線檢測，數字化設定，自動/手動控制自由切換； Online detection, digital setting, automatic / manual control, free switching; German PT-100 temperature probe and digital temperature instrument; Automatic temperature control of electric heating thermostatic water tank and external cooling water |
| Ph控制 Ph Control | 在線檢測，1路或2路蠕動泵自動流加堿或酸液進行調節； Online detection, 1 or 2 peristaltic pumps automatically add alkali or acid for regulation; Imported Mettler (Hamilton) pH electrode, which can be sterilized by high temperature steam |
| 溶氧(Do) Dissolved Oxygen (Do) | 在線檢測，范圍0-100%或0-200%； Online detection, range 0-100% or 0-200%; Imported Mettler (Hamilton) do electrode, which can be sterilized by high temperature steam; Optional linkage control with speed and ventilation (to be specified when ordering) |
| 補料控制Replenishment Control | 標配1路/2路等多路蠕動泵時間比例流加補料，流加量累積顯示、記錄 It is equipped with 1-way / 2-way and other multi-channel peristaltic pumps as standard, with time proportional flow feeding and feeding, and the cumulative flow feeding amount is displayed and recorded |
| 消泡方式Defoaming Mode | 傳導式泡沫電極，泡沫異常狀況自動報警； The conductive foam electrode automatically alarm the abnormal condition of foam. One peristaltic pump is equipped as standard for automatic / manual flow of defoamer, and the cumulative flow dosage is displayed and recorded |
| 控制系統 Control System | 應用工業級MC-bio控制系統，采用西門子PLC控制器； Apply industrial MC bio control system and Siemens PLC controller; 32-bit true color touch screen operation interface with complete functions and stable operation; Another type a simple instrument control system is optional |
| 滅菌方式/Sterilization Method | 在位滅菌，手動控制，需接外源飽和蒸汽 In place sterilization, manual control, need to connect external saturated steam |
| 可選配項/Optional Configuration | 1.多路補料 Multiple feeding |
| 設備特點Equipment Characteristics | 在位滅菌，安全可靠，培養基濃度準確； In situ sterilization, safe and reliable, accurate medium concentration; No risk of transmission leakage; Large viewing angle longitudinal mirror observation is clear; Various and reliable inoculation methods (standard flame inoculation port, differential pressure inoculation port and other forms are optional); Floor type tank, beautiful and generous; Easy operation and disassembly; Special specifications can be customized. |
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